{"id":2628,"date":"2026-02-05T08:00:16","date_gmt":"2026-02-05T08:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/?p=2628"},"modified":"2026-02-05T08:00:16","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T08:00:16","slug":"chapter-22-swift-operators","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/chapter-22-swift-operators\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 22: Swift Operators"},"content":{"rendered":"1. What are Operators?<\/h3>\n
Operators are special symbols<\/strong> (or sometimes words) that perform an operation on one, two, or three values.<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
Swift<\/div>\n
\n
let a = 10 + 5 \/\/ + is an operator\r\nlet isAdult = age >= 18 \/\/ >= is an operator\r\nlet name = first + \" \" + last \/\/ + for strings\r\nlet isEven = number % 2 == 0 \/\/ %, == are operators<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nSwift has several categories of operators. We\u2019ll look at the most important ones in detail.<\/p>\n
2. Arithmetic Operators (+ \u2013 * \/ %)<\/h3>\n
These work with numbers (Int, Double, Float, Decimal).<\/p>\n
\n
\n
\n
Swift<\/div>\n
\n
let a = 10\r\nlet b = 3\r\n\r\nprint(a + b) \/\/ 13\r\nprint(a - b) \/\/ 7\r\nprint(a * b) \/\/ 30\r\nprint(a \/ b) \/\/ 3 (integer division \u2192 drops decimal part)\r\nprint(a % b) \/\/ 1 (remainder)\r\n\r\n\/\/ With floating point\r\nlet x = 10.0\r\nlet y = 3.0\r\n\r\nprint(x \/ y) \/\/ 3.3333333333333335\r\nprint(x.truncatingRemainder(dividingBy: y)) \/\/ 1.0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nCompound assignment operators<\/strong> (very common)<\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
Swift<\/div>\n
\n
var score = 100\r\nscore += 50 \/\/ same as score = score + 50\r\nscore -= 20\r\nscore *= 2\r\nscore \/= 4\r\nscore %= 7\r\n\r\nprint(score) \/\/ 60<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nReal-life example \u2013 price calculation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
Swift<\/div>\n
\n
let itemPrice: Decimal = 1499.99\r\nlet quantity = 3\r\nlet taxRate: Decimal = 0.18\r\n\r\nvar subtotal = itemPrice * Decimal(quantity)\r\nsubtotal += subtotal * taxRate \/\/ add tax\r\n\r\nprint(\"Total: \u20b9\\(subtotal)\") \/\/ Total: \u20b95311.9702<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n3. Comparison Operators (== != > < >= <=)<\/h3>\n
Return Bool (true or false)<\/p>\n
\n
\n
\n
Swift<\/div>\n
\n
let age = 19\r\n\r\nprint(age == 18) \/\/ false\r\nprint(age != 18) \/\/ true\r\nprint(age > 18) \/\/ true\r\nprint(age >= 18) \/\/ true\r\nprint(age < 16) \/\/ false\r\nprint(age <= 21) \/\/ true<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nVery common mistake beginners make:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
\n
\n
Swift<\/div>\n
\n
let name = \"Rahul\"\r\n\r\n\/\/ Wrong:\r\nif name == \"rahul\" { \u2026 } \/\/ false \u2013 case sensitive!\r\n\r\n\/\/ Better:\r\nif name.lowercased() == \"rahul\" { \u2026 }<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n4. Logical Operators (&& || !)<\/h3>\n
Combine or invert Bool values<\/p>\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n| Operator<\/th>\n | Name<\/th>\n | Meaning<\/th>\n | Example<\/th>\n | Result<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n |
\n\n| &&<\/td>\n | AND<\/td>\n | Both must be true<\/td>\n | age >= 18 && hasLicense<\/td>\n | true only if both true<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| `<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | `<\/td>\n | OR<\/td>\n | At least one must be true<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
\n| !<\/td>\n | NOT<\/td>\n | Reverses the value<\/td>\n | !isLoggedIn<\/td>\n | true \u2192 false, false \u2192 true<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Real example \u2013 form validation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n let email = \"aarav@example.com\"\r\nlet password = \"Secure123!\"\r\n\r\nlet emailValid = email.contains(\"@\") && email.contains(\".\")\r\nlet passwordLong = password.count >= 8\r\nlet passwordsMatch = true \/\/ assume confirmed\r\n\r\nlet canSubmit = emailValid && passwordLong && passwordsMatch\r\n\r\nprint(canSubmit) \/\/ true<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nShort-circuit evaluation<\/strong> (very important to understand)<\/p>\n\n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n let user: User? = nil\r\n\r\n\/\/ This is safe \u2013 right side not evaluated if left is false\r\nif user != nil && user!.isPremium {\r\n print(\"Show premium badge\")\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n5. Assignment Operator (=)<\/h3>\n\n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n var score = 0\r\nscore = 100\r\nscore = score + 50<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nCompound versions<\/strong> (already seen):<\/p>\n\n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n score += 50\r\nscore -= 20\r\nscore *= 2\r\nscore \/= 5\r\nscore %= 7<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n6. Ternary Conditional Operator (?:) \u2013 very popular<\/h3>\nShort version of if-else<\/p>\n \n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n let age = 19\r\n\r\nlet status = age >= 18 ? \"Adult\" : \"Minor\"\r\nprint(status) \/\/ Adult\r\n\r\n\/\/ Real example\r\nlet buttonTitle = isLoggedIn ? \"Logout\" : \"Login\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nMore readable version with multiple conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n let temperature = 36.8\r\n\r\nlet message = temperature < 35 ? \"Too cold \u2744\ufe0f\"\r\n : temperature > 38 ? \"Fever \ud83d\ude37\"\r\n : \"Normal \ud83d\udc4d\"\r\n\r\nprint(message)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n7. Nil-Coalescing Operator (??)<\/h3>\nVery common when dealing with optionals<\/p>\n \n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n let nickname: String? = nil\r\nlet displayName = nickname ?? \"Guest\"\r\nprint(displayName) \/\/ Guest\r\n\r\nlet score: Int? = nil\r\nlet points = score ?? 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nReal usage \u2013 user profile<\/strong><\/p>\n\n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n let userBio: String? = nil\r\nlet bioText = userBio ?? \"No bio yet\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n8. Range Operators<\/h3>\nVery common in loops and switches<\/p>\n \n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n \/\/ Closed range: includes both ends\r\nfor i in 1...5 { \/\/ 1,2,3,4,5\r\n print(i)\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ Half-open range: up to but not including end\r\nfor i in 0..<10 { \/\/ 0 to 9\r\n print(i)\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/ One-sided ranges (Swift 4+)\r\nlet numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\r\nlet firstThree = numbers[..<3] \/\/ [10, 20, 30]\r\nlet fromThird = numbers[2...] \/\/ [30, 40, 50]<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n9. Identity Operators (=== !==) \u2013 only for classes<\/h3>\nThese check whether two references point to the same instance<\/strong> (not value equality)<\/p>\n\n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n class Person {\r\n var name: String\r\n init(name: String) { self.name = name }\r\n}\r\n\r\nlet p1 = Person(name: \"Rahul\")\r\nlet p2 = Person(name: \"Rahul\")\r\nlet p3 = p1\r\n\r\nprint(p1 === p2) \/\/ false \u2013 different objects\r\nprint(p1 === p3) \/\/ true \u2013 same object<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n10. Quick Reference Table \u2013 Most Used Operators<\/h3>\n\n \n \n\n\n| Category<\/th>\n | Operator(s)<\/th>\n | Example<\/th>\n | Result \/ Use Case<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n | \n\n| Arithmetic<\/td>\n | + – * \/ %<\/td>\n | price * quantity<\/td>\n | Calculations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Compound assignment<\/td>\n | += -= *= \/= %=<\/td>\n | score += 100<\/td>\n | Updating variables<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Comparison<\/td>\n | == != > < >= <=<\/td>\n | age >= 18<\/td>\n | Conditions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Logical<\/td>\n | `&&<\/td>\n | <\/td>\n | !`<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Ternary<\/td>\n | ?:<\/td>\n | isLoggedIn ? “Logout” : “Login”<\/td>\n | Short if-else<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Nil-coalescing<\/td>\n | ??<\/td>\n | name ?? “Anonymous”<\/td>\n | Safe optional unwrapping<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Range<\/td>\n | … ..<<\/td>\n | 1…10, 0..<count<\/td>\n | Loops, switches, slices<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| Identity<\/td>\n | === !==<\/td>\n | object1 === object2<\/td>\n | Check same instance (classes only)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n 11. Small Practice \u2013 Combine Operators<\/h3>\nTry to write these using operators:<\/p>\n \n \n \n Swift<\/div>\n \n \/\/ 1. Calculate final price with 18% tax\r\nlet basePrice = 999.99\r\nlet taxRate = 0.18\r\n\/\/ your code here\r\n\r\n\/\/ 2. Check if user can vote (age 18+ and Indian citizen)\r\nlet age = 19\r\nlet isIndian = true\r\n\/\/ your code here\r\n\r\n\/\/ 3. Show \"Welcome back\" if logged in, otherwise \"Sign in\"\r\nlet isLoggedIn = true\r\n\/\/ your code here<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nWould you like to go deeper into any specific operator group?<\/p>\n \n- Arithmetic & compound assignment in real calculations<\/li>\n
- Logical operators in complex conditions<\/li>\n
- Ternary & nil-coalescing patterns<\/li>\n
- Ranges in SwiftUI \/ loops \/ switch<\/li>\n
- Or move to another topic (control flow, functions, optionals\u2026)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Just tell me \u2014 we\u2019ll continue in the same detailed, clear, teacher-like style \ud83d\ude0a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 1. What are Operators? Operators are special symbols (or sometimes words) that perform an operation on one, two, or three values. Swift let a = 10 + 5 \/\/ + is an operator let...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-swift"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2628"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2629,"href":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2628\/revisions\/2629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demo.materiamedica.net\/demo6\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
|
|